Alienation and Isolation in The Metamorphosis Essay

The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka is a reflection on how distance and detachment start and create in a general public by utilizing the characters in his novella as a portrayal of society overall. Utilizing Gregor’s supervisor to show the inception of confinement and distance of an individual, Gregor as the individual being separated and the occupants of the Samsa family unit as different citizenry, Kafka makes a successful model to speak to the progressively organized impact of nonintervention and estrangement in the public arena for a bigger scope. Kafka utilizes the organization Gregor is compelled to work for to show the various leveled impact of segregation and distance, where the inception of nonintervention starts at the highest point of the order and in this manner makes a far reaching influence down through the remainder of society. The director of the organization that Gregor must work for because of a family obligation is the delegate Kafka decides to show the most notable individual in the chain of importance. By awakening as a creepy crawly and being behind schedule for work, Gregor has broken his adjustment to the boundaries of what is endured by the organization, so the director himself comes to manage the issue since such conditions can â€Å"only be endowed to the insight of the manager† (Kafka, 13). This, just as how the family regards the chief as pleasantly as conceivable when he shows up exhibits the significance of the manager’s choices and their regard for power. Further exhibiting the significance of his choices, the supervisor is the first to respond to Gregor’s change by compromising, â€Å"your position isn't at all the most secure† (17) when Gregor won't open his entryway. This shows he can totally disturb Gregor’s place in the progression and in doing as such, separate and estrange him from the remainder of society. The chief comments, â€Å"that was an animal’s voice† (20) when Gregor talks, which estranges Gregor from mankind and responds emphatically to seeing Gregor by â€Å"pressing his hand against his open mouth and moving back slowly† (23). Subsequent to terminating Gregor, the administrator escapes the structure which causes the commencement of Gregor’s seclusion since work was the most significant and most tedious thing in his life. This shows similarly as with society as a rule, the individual in control holds enormous impact over the remainder of the populace and is equipped f or starting that an individual must be confined. Because the figure in power proclaims that an individual is anything but a decent citizen and ought to be disengaged, in any case, doesn't imply that all citizenry respond a similar way. the range of perspectives that citizenry take against the individuals who have been disconnected is appeared through Kafka’s depiction of the Samsa family’s response to his change. Gregor’s father speaks to the individuals who regard authority and promptly concur with those higher in the chain of importance and unquestioningly help in the disconnection procedure. He wears a â€Å"blue uniform with gold buttons† (62) in any event, when he is at home, snoozing on a seat in the front room which exhibits the worth he puts on the framework. This is likewise represented when the administrator responds to Gregor’s deviation from typical when Mr. Samsa starts to â€Å"drive Gregor again into his room by waving the stick and the newspaper† (29). Different individuals from the family, be that as it may, respond diversely to the circumstance. Grete is the nearest to Gregor and is the most thoughtful to him following his change by putting milk in his room, which â€Å"was his preferred beverage and which his sister had at present put there for that reason† (34). Her response to Gregor’s confinement shows something contrary to Mr. Samsa’s by being as kind as he is powerful in Gregor’s distance. Her relationship with Gregor exhibits how in the public eye, the individuals who realize the individual being detached before its introduction are well on the way to oppose assisting with upholding the seclusion. Be that as it may, Kafka comprehends that individuals are dynamic and frequently change their conclusions. Grete experiences an adjustment in context to such an extent, that before the finish of the novella it is she who pronounces, â€Å"we must dispose of it† (84). This adjustment in context shows how Kafka accepts that citizenry regularly quit feeling for the disengaged bunch when it get s badly designed for them to keep doing as such. Gregor’s mother responds in an underlying way somewhere close to the dad and sister since when first observing him she â€Å"went two stages toward Gregor and fallen right in the center of her skirts† (23). These clashing wants proceed through the novella, for example, when Mr. Samsa attempts to kill Gregor, â€Å"she beseeched him to save Gregor’s life† (65) and yet she is rebuffed by him. This outlines how she needs to support him and attempts to consider him a similar way she did before his change, yet can't. This looks like the dreamers in the public arena who hypothetically bolster the distanced individual however frequently capitulate to social weights when they are compelled to confront the issue. These three responses to Gregor’s change because of the commencement of his disengagement by the supervisor exhibit the range of responses. From the prompt acknowledgment of the progression spoke to by Mr. Samsa, to the genuine empathy of Grete and the optimism of Mrs. Samsa, Kafka shows how a wide assortment of responses is normal from society, and how individuals frequently change their feelings. Likewise to how social weights influence his mom, Gregor is additionally persuaded through his regard for power that he merits the confinement authorized on him by society. He accepts those above him in the progression to such a degree, that he in the long run arrives at the resolution that he would be in an ideal situation dead that to have his family enduring on account of his quality. Like his dad, Gregor has a solid regard for power and served in the military until his dad, who is a legitimate figure in his life, required budgetary assistance so he became â€Å"almost overnight, a voyaging sales rep, who normally had altogether various opportunities for procuring cash (†¦) which could be set out on the table at home before his amazed and pleased family† (43). Gregor’s choice to enable his family to take care of their obligation without thinking about the impact it would have on his own bliss or considering declining shows how immovably he is settled in the vari ous leveled framework. The conviction that definitive figures are consistently right leads him to feel that since society directs that he is useless and merits confinement, he would be in an ideal situation dead than a weight to society. This is appeared after Grete and Mr. Samsa conclude that they need him gone, yet Gregor’s â€Å"own imagined that he needed to vanish was, if conceivable, considerably more definitive than his sisters† (89). He catches his family lamenting their setback and since they are above him on the various leveled structure, Gregor accepts that he needs amazing request to save them the difficulty of managing him. This shows how Kafka accepts that society is so subject to a various leveled structure and the direction from definitive figures that they can't have an independent mind and even the individual who is detached may in any case regard and follow those higher in the progressive system. This is the last advance in the transmission of a thought through a social pro gressive system whereby everybody accepts that an individual is lesser and ought not exist, including the distanced individual themselves. The Metamorphosis meets up to show the various leveled design Kafka accepts a general public follows as to segregation and estrangement. He utilizes the supervisor of the organization Gregor works for to demonstrate the incitement of noninterference, which in the public eye is controlled by the most notable individual in the chain of importance. Gregor’s family speaks to society in general and is utilized to show the assortment of responses the individuals in the public arena after they are advised who to estrange. These responses extend from quick, unquestioning concurrence with those higher in the chain of importance, to optimistically supporting the disengaged individual, to feeling for and attempting to support the distanced individual. He additionally utilizes Grete to show the dynamic condition of human responses, by changing from thoughtful and minding to awful and unsupportive before the finish of the novella. Kafka proceeds with this forming of society from the various leveled structure by causing Gregor himself to concur with the definitive figures throughout his life and fit in with the possibility that he is useless, along these lines forcing self-segregation. the connections between the characters in The Metamorphosis show how Kafka accepts that the disengagement and distance of an individual in the public arena is started by those at the highest point of the social chain of importance and works its way down through the pecking order until in the end everybody in the public arena has been affected to acknowledge the underlying choice of one individual. Works Cited Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis. Trans. Ian Johnstone. Nanaimo: Malaspina University-College, 1999.

People Only See What They Are Prepared to See Essay

Ralph Waldo Emerson once stated, â€Å"People just observe what they are set up to see.† An announcement so veridical, that the individuals to whom it suggests are either not fit for getting it or essentially can't acknowledge it. Indeed, the majority of mankind can peruse the evidently monstrous statement ceaselessly, without fathoming the significant importance behind it. There are four kinds of independences, each responding to the statement in an alternate way. What's more, how people respond to it, decides their general reactions to the circumstances which life brings upon them. Honest personalities can't sufficiently comprehend the noteworthiness of the statement. In light of their naivety, they are neither ready to react understandably to the statement, nor to most circumstances throughout everyday life. They are guileless and non-opinionative, accordingly, just observing what others need them to see. Most of individuals so caracterised are babies and little youngsters. They neglect to take a gander at things from different points of view since they have not yet had enough involvement with life. For example, in the event that you discuss war with a youngster, the individual in question won't realize how to react. The brain of the individual is unreasonably youthful for recognizing what to do when addressed about political clashes, patriotisms, fighting, passing and different genuine issues. As a rule, their blameless, unsophisticated personalities, essentially can't comprehend the contrast among off-base and right until they form into progressively advance d creatures. Uninformed individuals abstain from considering anything which doesn't concern them actually. These individuals obviously can see, but since of their character, can't. Until they begin mindful, they won't have the option to see things which request care, since they are not yet prepared. Numerous teenagers and fruitless individuals would fall into this class. Furthermore, why I generalization numerous ineffective individuals is because of the way that they are oblivious to training and in time, neglect to prevail throughout everyday life. Training is the information on life, and whenever dodged, brings about disappointment at it. Assuming once more, you notice war to a uninformed being, the person in question will excuse the subject before it could come to the brain’s thinking process. These characters would never go underneath the outside of the theme. Tenacity is like numbness, yet not exactly the equivalent. The difficult won't stop for a second to plunge into the sea, yet will never arrive at the base so they can inspect it inside and out. These individuals will hear a subject; they will consider the point; however before taking a gander at it from another perspective, their willfulness will urge them to frame a preference feeling. These eventual the individuals who, when addressed of war, will stand firm on one side before looking at the other. For instance, if America is warring with Iraq, numerous obstinate Americans will bolster their pioneer regardless of how indecent his activities might be. Same would suggest to the obstinate Iraqis, who will deny the way that their pioneer was degenerate without picturing him from his victims’ viewpoint. Since they are the residents of their nation, they will ignore its flaws and never question their government’s activities, consequently, plunging into the circumstance, yet just going mostly down, on the grounds that that is the thing that they are set up to see, in this way, that is the thing that they see. The pragmatists see everything and acknowledge it all things considered. They have the ability to settle on fair choices and suppositions. These are the individuals who will go to bat for what they trust in. They are legitimate and liberal. A pragmatist would plunge into the sea, go to the base, set aside some effort to take a gander at everything top to bottom, at that point, and at exactly that point, will shape a sentiment supported by much thinking. Pragmatists can see everything. Their psyches have no barricades blocking data from entering and preparing through their cerebrums. A pragmatist will take a gander at Emerson’s cite and totally understand its significance. What exactly profundity you comprehend this article will decide how prepared your brain is to acknowledge the realities expressed in it. Actually, you will see everything on these pages. Be that as it may, intellectually, your psyche will appreciate just the subtleties in this, for which it is set up to acknowledge. On the off chance that you have perused this far, you absolutely are not uninformed; you have just gone underneath the outside of the statement. In the event that you have comprehended and acknowledged everything, congrats, you are truth be told, a pragmatist! If not, time might be the solution for your blamelessness or hardheadedness.

Menopause and Depression Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Coping

Menopause and Depression Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Coping Depression Causes Print An Overview of Menopause and Depression Menopause and Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Coping By Sara Lindberg Sara Lindberg, M.Ed., is a freelance writer focusing on mental health, fitness, nutrition, and parenting.   Learn about our editorial policy Sara Lindberg Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 02, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 30, 2020 More in Depression Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Types Childhood Depression Suicide In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Is Menopause? What Is Depression? How They Are Related Symptoms Causes Diagnosis   Treatment   Coping View All Back To Top What Is Menopause? Menopause is the time in a woman’s life when the menstrual period stops, most likely when the ovaries stop making estrogen. Missing a period for 12 consecutive months (in the absence of other obvious causes) is the main criteria for being menopausal?? . When this happens, a woman is no longer able to get pregnant. The average age of menopause is 51, with the transition occurring most often between the ages of 45 and 55.   Despite having an occasional period, many women believe they are menopausal when they are actually in a transition period called perimenopause. This refers to the time when your body makes the natural transition to menopause. It most often occurs sometime in your 40s, or right around the time of menopause. Many of the changes you experience during perimenopause are a result of decreasing estrogen, which along with progesterone, rises and falls as you make your way to menopause. There is some association with these hormonal changes. What Is Depression? Depression is a mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness or loss of interest and affects how you feel, think, and handle daily activities. The two most common forms of depressive disorders are major (clinical) depression and persistent depressive disorder (Dysthymia).?? Common symptoms of depression include sadness, lack of interest in things you once enjoyed, irritability, fatigue, and feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and pessimism accompanied by physical symptoms. Major depression is the most commonly diagnosed depressive disorder. It is characterized as having symptoms of depression most of the day, nearly every day for at least two weeks that interferes with your ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy life. Factors That Could Increase Your Risk of Depression How They Are Related Many women going through perimenopause or menopause can tell you that extreme shifts in hormonal levels often lead to feelings of depression. Whether it’s a new onset of depressive symptoms or exaggerated symptoms from an existing diagnosis, managing the mood swings along with other symptoms can, at times, feel very overwhelming.   It is only recently that the medical community created guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of perimenopausal depression. ?? Some of the challenge in evaluating perimenopausal depression is due to the fact that several of the symptoms related to its hormonal changes overlap with common symptoms of depression and other menopausal symptoms that often present similarly. Symptoms including, insomnia, hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and mood problems are common during perimenopause and menopause. The risk of developing symptoms related to depression is known to increase among women as they transition to menopause.?? Symptoms The signs and symptoms of depression include:?? Persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, hopelessness, or pessimismFeelings of worthlessnessDecreased energy or fatigueIrritabilityLoss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyedDifficulty sleeping or oversleepingAppetite or weight changesDifficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisionsLack of self-careAches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems  Withdrawal from social activitiesThoughts of death or suicide The symptoms of menopause may include?? : Irregular periods or bleeding leading to a loss of a period for 12 consecutive monthsProblems with sleep due to low levels of progesterone and estrogenHot flashes and night sweatsProblems with memory or being forgetful and struggling to focusMood changes such as irritability and crying spellsFeelings of depression or anxietyChanging feelings about your sexual healthVaginal dryness Do You Know the Signs of Clinical Depression? Causes The symptoms of depression that can present during perimenopause and menopause are related to a variety of factors including hormonal changes, underlying vulnerabilities to depression, and other stressors. Hormonal shifts that happen at other times in a womans reproductive life, such as the postpartum period, are also correlated with an increase in depression and mood symptoms. Declining estrogen levels?? that happen as you move through perimenopause towards menopause can contribute to emotional changes such as sadness, irritability, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and mood changes. That said, there is no evidence that menopause causes depression. If symptoms are severe or impacting your life more than occasionally, be sure to see your doctor or a mental health specialist.   Diagnosis   Your doctor can perform an evaluation to determine where you are in the transition to menopause and recommend the next steps for potentially treating menopausal symptoms. But if the symptoms related to depression are severe or you have a previous diagnosis of depression, being evaluated by a mental health professional is the next step. They will be able to determine if you have a major depressive disorder or clinical depression.??   Treatment   For perimenopausal and menopausal women diagnosed with depression, adhering to the proven therapeutic options for treating depression should be followed. These include treatment with antidepressants and/or psychotherapy (“talk therapy”). There are several forms of psychotherapy, but one in particular that has been proven successful in treating depression is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).   There is some evidence that treating women entering menopause with hormone replacement therapy may help to enhance mood, but it is not considered a form of treatment for depression. Some findings suggest estrogen, which can help reduce hot flashes and night sweats, may also help with mild to moderate symptoms related to mood swings and feelings of depression.?? There are risks associated with hormone replacement therapy. Thats why talking with your doctor about your health is always the best place to start.   Find Support With the 7 Best Online Help Resources for Depression Coping Coping with depression symptoms that accompany perimenopause or menopause often requires a systemic approach. And like many other recommendations for depression or menopause, lifestyle modifications can make a significant difference in your quality of life.   Daily exercise, socializing with friends and family, meditation, mindfulness, and participating in activities that were enjoyable before depressive episodes started are just a few ways to cope with symptoms related to depression.   Reducing or eliminating alcohol, smoking, or other substances can help with certain symptoms of menopause. Also, taking extra care to follow a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean protein, complex carbohydrates, and healthy fats may help with symptom management.   A Word From Verywell Mood swings and feelings of sadness and irritability are common occurrences during perimenopause and menopause. That said, it can be challenging to distinguish between clinical depression and the ups and downs related to shifting hormones. If you’re concerned about your physical or mental health, take the first step, and make an appointment with your doctor. Being open and honest about how you’re feeling can help relieve the pressure or anxiety you might be experiencing. It also allows your doctor to make a proper diagnosis and create a treatment plan that focuses on your needs. How Estrogens Can Cause Anxiety and Depression

The Anglo Saxon Era Of Rich History And Reflected Literature

The Anglo Saxon Era of Rich History and Reflected Literature The Anglo Saxon Period began in 449 and ended in 1066 AD. This was a time of Viking conquering other nations, patriotism, and Pagan to Christian religious conversion. There are only few recorded authors of this era as a result of literary works such as Beowulf, Wife’s Lament, and The Seafarer being passed down orally through generations of time. The literature serves as a reflection of this ancient time rather than having an impact on this time period. This was a period of great conquering, pride and honor, and Christian expansion with recorded literature that exaggerated and symbolized what was occurring. â€Å"This time remains the darkest, the least documented in British history†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦The religious transformation was a slow but progressive growth. It is definitely certain that the characters of these oral stories were exaggerated or even make believe and as a matter of fact after much studies of the Roman Empire, there has even been controversy over King Arthur’s existence. (Wood 39) â€Å"The question is, what happened in Britain after the fall of the Roman Empire? Bound up with that, there is a second question: did there exist at this time a war leader called Arthur?† (Wood, 39). This shows that not only were the obviously exaggerated heroic characters fake but also some of the seemingly realistic characters were as well. This indicates that these stories were definitely exaggerated for entertainment purposes, but at the same time, used to describe the battles, the honor and events that happened at this time. There are three main liter ary works of this time period: Beowulf, Wife’s Lament, and The Seafarer. Each literary work has unique symbolism and can be analyzed and interpreted to show what they represent. Beowulf highly focuses on battling, one having honor for their kingdom, and even has some religious representation. Beowulf is an epic poem, which is defined as a long, narrative poem about a larger than life, legendary character in pursuit of a goal of national importance. Also, Beowulf’s character is classified as an epic hero, which is defined as one who constitutes superior strength and excellent ethics, one who does many valorousShow MoreRelatedBooks Are Humanity in Print Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pagesmobile worldwide population. Each literary era reflects the human feats, lifestyles, and changing times: Anglo-Saxon epics consist of glory battle scenes, bloodied warriors, and feuding countries; Middle English works consist of glorified knights, the chivalric code, and a greedy, materiali stic court; and, modern literary classics depict worlds of which the human race is ruled by technology. 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Massage Therapy Reduces Anxiety and Enhances EEG Patterns...

So many people in the world talk about how beneficial massage can be and that it makes you feel more relaxed. They say that if you receive massage, even just once a month, that it could help you in many different aspects of your life, such as helping depression, lessening anxiety, becoming more relaxed more often, and that it can help you become less stressed in your day to day life. In this research study, the researchers hypothesize that massage would have an effect on anxiety, depression, and alertness. The objective was to show that massage can reduce anxiety, depression, and stress by testing cortisol level and increase alertness by comparing EEG patterns by math computations. This research study is a quantitative research. Most†¦show more content†¦The State Anxiety 1nventory is a 20 item scale test that measures anxiety levels. Cortisol is a hormone secretion that becomes present when a person is under stress, so the researchers tested salivary cortisol levels from a saliva sample. Math computations were measured by giving the subjects 7 numbers before the massage and 7 different numbers given after and the subject was asked to add them together. The time it took to solve the question and its accuracy was recorded. To measure the EEG patterns were one of the most important variables in the study. The subjects put on a special cap, called the Lycra stretchable cap, used you measure delta, alpha, beta, and theta. To prevent data from having an incorrect reading, the subjects had to fill out two questionnaire forms. One was the Life Events Questionnaire. It asked if certain events had taken place in your life lately about the death a loved one or major financial situations. The other was the Job Stress Yesterday Questionnaire. It asked about the day you had at work yesterday and how stressful it was. The subjects had to answer these questions on the first day, and the last day of the study procedure. There was a total of 50 randomly assigned medical staff and faculty to be a part of this study. Out of the 50 subjects, 26 of the subjects were given a 15 minute chair massage twice a week for 5 weeks. The other 24 subjects were asked to sit in the massage chair and

The World’s Most Understood Crop Industrial Hemp and Its Economic Benefits Free Essays

Ms. Bonner English 290 16 December 2011 The World’s Most Understood Crop: Industrial Hemp and its Economic Benefits When most people hear the word hemp the first thing that comes to mind is marijuana. While hemp and marijuana are of the same plant species, Cannabis Sativa, they are different plants with their own chemical makeup. We will write a custom essay sample on The World’s Most Understood Crop: Industrial Hemp and Its Economic Benefits or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hemp has been known as one of the world’s greatest agricultural crops of all time with a wide variety of uses. Unfortunately the United States still sees hemp as drug and the manufacturing of hemp is still illegal today. The United States is outlawing one of the most economically beneficial and functional crops of all times because of its cousin marijuana. Hemp was the world’s greatest agricultural crop for more than 1000 years before Christ until 1883 AD (Herer). The manufacturing and cultivation of hemp has been used for thousands of products and many different industries including producing a majority of the world’s fabric, fiber, oil, paper, and even food. The earliest known fabric was made of hemp around 8000 BC (Herer). Ninety percent of all ships’ sails from at least the fifth century BC until long after the invention of the steam engines in the mid- to late-19th century were made from hemp (Herer). Many of the ships’ logs, maps, and charts were made on hemp paper from the time of Columbus to the early 1900s (Herer). In the first century AD, the Chinese found that hemp paper lasted 50 to 100 times longer than most preparations of papyrus and that it was 100 times easier and cheaper to make (Herer). Eighty percent of all humankind’s textiles and fabrics for clothes, tents, linens, rugs, drapes, quilts, bed sheets, towels and diapers were made principally from cannabis fibers in much of the world until the 20th century (Herer). Presidents Washington and Jefferson both grew hemp and Americans were even legally bound to grow during the Colonial Era and Early Republic (Hemp Facts). With all these uses for hemp, from almost the beginning of the known world, why would hemp be illegal today? Marijuana and industrial hemp come from the same species of plant, Cannabis Sativa. The species can yield two different plants, marijuana and industrial hemp. Comparing marijuana and industrial hemp is like comparing field corn and sweet corn. While they are both from the same species, the chemical makeup and final product is very different. Cannabis produces two major cannabinoids-THC (delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol) (West, Hemp and Marijuana). THC is the one responsible for the psychoactive effect that you get from smoking marijuana. CBD, on the other hand, has been found to block the effect of THC in the nervous system (West, Hemp and Marijuana). Marijuana usually contains 3 to 15 percent THC, while industrial hemp being grown normally contains less than 1 percent THC (Industrial Hemp in the United States). Many people believe that if industrial hemp was allowed to be grown that many people would still try and smoke it, but if one was to smoke industrial hemp, which is high in CBD and low in THC, it would actually counter act the THC and block the effect of a marijuana high. This shows that not only is hemp not marijuana but could possibly even be called â€Å"anti-marijuana. Even with this scientific information and the United States continues to outlaw the manufacturing of hemp. Other countries have recognized the difference between marijuana and industrial hemp. Current hemp varieties being grown in Canada and Europe are certified to have THC levels below 0. 3 percent (West, Hemp and Marijuana). The certification system was originally developed in Europe to allow for the commercialization of industrial hemp and takes into consideration the ratio of CBD to THC as well as the absolute percent THC (West, Hemp and Marijuana). The original THC threshold was 0. 8 percent. When varieties with lower levels of THC were developed by French breeders, the breeders were able to persuade the European Union to reduce the tolerance further (West, Hemp and Marijuana). In the United States, Cannabis with any measurable trace of THC is illegal, CBD concentration is not considered at all. The United States is outlawing this potentially economic beneficial crop with no just cause and they are completely overlooking all of its uses and benefits. The United States’ laws have not always treated marijuana and hemp the same. The 1937 Marijuana Tax Act outlawed marijuana. The 1937 Marihuana Tax Act defined marijuana as: â€Å"(A)ll parts of the plant Cannabis sativa L. , whether growing or not; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted from any such plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant, its seeds, or resin; but shall not include the mature stalks of such plant, fiber produced from such stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of such plant, any other compound, manufacture salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such mature stalks (except the resin xtracted there from), fiber, oil, or cake, or the sterilized seed of such plant which is incapable of germination. † The Act outlawed marijuana and punished people who grew it, without infringing on the rights of hemp growers. The act did not make hemp illegal but simply just put a tax on hemp. Dr. Andrew Wright, an agronomist with the University of Wisconsin’s Agriculture Experiment Stati on and steward of the Wisconsin hemp industry during the first half of the twentieth century, wrote in 1918, â€Å"There are three fairly distinct types of hemp: that grown for fiber, that for birdseed and oil, and that for drugs. (West, Hemp and Marijuana). This shows that even in the early 1900s, we knew and understood there being a difference between hemp and marijuana. However, in 1970, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act repealed the Marihuana Tax Act and instead changed its definition: â€Å"The term ‘marihuana’ means all parts of the plant Cannabis sativa (L. ), whether growing or not, the seeds thereof, the resin extracted from any part of such plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant, its seeds or resin; . . † The key difference in this provision was that the 1937 Act used a system of taxation that allowed the government to punish the marijuana growers without punishing hemp grow ers. The 1970 Act abolished the taxation approach and effectively made all Cannabis cultivation illegal (West, Hemp and Marijuana). This act lumped marijuana and hemp into the same category. Why did the United States change their definition of the word and make hemp illegal? Why the United States changed its mind and decided to make hemp illegal is not really clear. There are not any definite answers. It could be that they realized that they couldn’t tax it anymore, the war on drugs, or that people that were growing hemp were abusing their rights and also growing marijuana. It is up for anyone to speculate on. The only thing that is clear by hemp being illegal is that the United States is ignoring the economic benefits and uses of one of the most functional crops of all times. Hemp has been used for a wide variety of products for almost 3000 years. Overall, hemp is the strongest, most durable, and longest lasting natural soft fiber on the planet, which makes its fabric longer lasting, tougher, cheaper, cooler, and more absorbent than cotton (Herer). Hemp seed can be pressed into a healthy oil, which contains the highest amount of essential fatty acids of all plants. The byproduct of the pressed hemp seeds can be baked into cakes, breads, and casseroles and contains high quality protein (Hemp Facts). Another use for hemp is that it can be made into fuel. Hemp is the Earth’s number one biomass resource, capable of producing 10 tons of biomass per acre in only four months (Hemp Facts). This biomass can be converted into methane, methanol, or gasoline at a cost very similar to the cost petroleum (Hemp Facts). It can also produce 10 times more methanol than corn (Hemp Facts). Since hemp is a natural plant, the use of hemp as a fuel makes it better for the environment. It does not add to global warming. Not only is hemp as a fuel better for the environment, but using hemp fiber for paper is also better for the environment. One acre of hemp produces as much fiber as 4. 1 acres of trees (Herer). While trees cut down to make paper usually take about 50 years to grow, hemp is ready to be harvested in about 120 days (Hemp Facts). Since hemp takes less time to be ready to be harvested and it can produce more fiber per acre, hemp could possibly be the answer to the deforestation problem. Only eight out of about one hundred known pests cause problem to the plant so hemp is normally grown without herbicides, fungicides, or pesticides (Hemp Facts). Hemp is also a natural weed suppressor due to the fast growth of the canopy causing a blockage of the sun that does not allow for the weeds to grow (Hemp Facts). All of these things make hemp a cheaper, more environmentally friendly crop. Hemp has been one of the most widely used crops, all around the world, for more than 3000 years. With hemps thousands of uses, it could possibly save our country in this time of deficit. However, the United States still refuses to recognize it has being a potential economically beneficial crop because of a plant of the same species. Works Citied â€Å"Hemp Facts. † HempUSA. org. HempUSA. org, 1 June 2009. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. Web Herer, Jack. â€Å"The Forgotten History of Hemp. † Earth Island Journal 5. 4 (1990): 35. EBSCOhost. Web. 12 Nov. 2011. Web Industrial Hemp in the United States: Status and Market Potential. Rep. no. AGES-ERSAGES001. Ers. usda. gov, Jan. 2000. Web. 25 Nov. 2011. Web West, David P. Hemp and Marijuana: Myths and Realities. Prescott, Wisconsin: North American Industrial Hemp Council, 27 Feb. 1998. PDF. How to cite The World’s Most Understood Crop: Industrial Hemp and Its Economic Benefits, Papers

Analytic Hierarchy Process in Operations Management

Question: Discuss about the Analytic Hierarchy Process in Operations Management. Answer: Introduction The project deals with the issue statement where the content is included about the target market, poor management, and lack of supervision by the managers and the supervisors, the focus is given on the profits of the company and the sales of the Custom Gear Inc. The problem the Custom Gear is experiencing is being stated in the project, which includes lack of the order size, lack of the future growth, inventory and the production management and many others. The actions that have been taken by Mr. Rhodes are narrated in the project. Issue statement Inappropriate production process, inappropriate target market, poor management, poor control system, suppliers are not efficiently delivering raw materials and the profit earned by the Custom Gear is not adequate. Eastern Gear is experiencing many problems that include: Lack of the policy of the order size: Eastern gear has accepted a huge lot of the order size which is been seen in the exhibit 2 of the case study. It can be seen that in the order size 1 the total number of orders are taken are 80. In size 2, the number of orders is 53. In size 3 the number of orders are 69 and so on. On the other hand, President of the Eastern Gear has also taken decision to accept the huge orders from the customers. Lack of planning for growth: It appears that the company does not have any plan to expand their business in the future. This may be the reason and the company can face problems with respect to the cash flows, problems of capacity and other problems that are associated with the growth of the company. Inventory and production control: The expediting seems to be the rule rather than the exception. Twenty percent of the total orders have the rush tags on it. The processing time of the production has increased from two to four weeks, and there does not seem the production and inventory system are not in place. There are certain orders are being handled on the rush basis and that may be disruptive with the smooth flow of the production. Objectives that are followed in the operations: It is not clear that the operations should be focusing on the cost of the product, delivery and quality of the product and the flexibility. The focus should be laid down on the objectives of the operations. The order entry system is been flawed: The time is lost between the design that is desired by the customer is flawed because the order is taken by the James and therefore, is reviewed by the engineer. The problems that are faced by Mr. Rhodes are been divided into four parts: 1. Production process, 2. Target market, 3. Management, 4. Suppliers. In case these problems are resolved, the impact of these will be seen in the goodwill of the company. Production process: The sluggish production process of the Custom gear has caused problems related to the delays in the production, late deliveries and the poor quality of the product. The main problem of the production process of the custom gears is the standard job shop layout. Every workflow has the set of the processes. Depending on the operations, the materials flow from one work centre to another. The cycle below shows the path that the typical order will follow is: Taking into consideration the floor layout of the Custom gear, it can be taken into account that the work centres are not arranged into the correct order of the workflow. They can be said to be unstructured. To get rid of this problem the layout of the shop should be arranged in the following manner: Target market: The main target of the Custom Gears is the engineering research and the development laboratories or the manufacturers. These result in the number of the small number of the gears. Custom gear is losing the market share as it is targeting small manufacturers who order very small amount of the gears from the company. This results in the low sales and revenue for the company. In order to increase the sales as well as the profits of the Custom Gear should try and target the large companies that are in need of the more of the custom gears. Doing this Custom Gear does not have to find more of the customers because the profits gained from one company would be huge. The management issues that the Custom Gear is facing are the past due raw materials in the shop. The manager and the supervisor must take note of the inventory that is lying on the shop. The materials that have expired are mostly because of the errors that have been caused by the supervisor or the manager. In order to get rid of this problem the supervisor should take extra care while placing the orders with the suppliers and avoid wastage of the resources. The company has also recorded many lost orders. Therefore, in order to get rid of the problem the management should ensure that all the orders are properly documented this ensures that the files should not be missing and there exists no complaints from the customers side about the lost orders. The operation strategy is related to the product, process, method, quality, cost and scheduling. Moreover, like any other organization the Custom gear has the definite relation with the operations strategy: Design of the product The design of the product should have a match between the operations management, finance department and the supply chain management and should look at the customers need. The methods and the processes The methods take into account the process of transforming raw material into the finished products. The process considers the conversion of inputs into outputs. Therefore, these two process in closely linked to the process design. The process selection and the facility layout takes into account the implications of the supply chain management. Cost A cost is the variable factor that affects the pricing and the profits of the organization. Organizations that have high degree of productivity in comparison with their competitors have a comparative cost advantage. Scheduling Custom Gear must plan the schedule orders deliberately. The rush orders and the large orders should be made carefully. Operating resources Operating resources are necessary for the personnel and material which is generally necessary to carry out the project. The examples of the operating resources are materials, machines, labor, tools, fixtures and many others. Custom Gear must complete the process of the operating resources. Recommendation The above-mentioned analysis that is been done on the Custom Gear Inc. the lack of proper and efficient operational controls will bring adverse changes in the organization. The sluggish production process, selection of suppliers and objectives of the sales target, the poor layout of the job shop also slowed down the production process and created confusion. The Custom Gear should target the large-scale manufacturing companies where they can get huge orders and earn the maximum revenues out of it. The production process should be changed the quality of the products should be given maximum attention. The resources that are getting wasted should be given utmost importance by the supervisor and the managers. Bibliography Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2012).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, London. Becker, J., Kugeler, M., Rosemann, M. (Eds.). (2013).Process management: a guide for the design of business processes. Springer Science Business Media. Chang, J. F. (2016).Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Davenport, T. H. (2013).Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Ferrell, O. C., Hartline, M. (2012).Marketing strategy, text and cases. Nelson Education. Fitzsimmons, J., Fitzsimmons, M. (2013).Service management: Operations, strategy, information technology. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014).Business process management. Routledge. Khanna, R. B. (2015).Production and operations management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P., Malhotra, M. K. (2013).Operations management: processes and supply chains. New York: Pearson. Subramanian, N., Ramanathan, R. (2012). A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management.International Journal of Production Economics,138(2), 215-241.